Donato F, Monarca S, Chiesa R, Feretti D, Modolo M A, Nardi G
Cattedra di Igiene, Università di Brescia, Italy.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Jan;37(1):59-69. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(94)01053-n.
A self-report questionnaire on alcohol and tobacco use was administered anonymously to 5221 high-school students in grade 9 (aged 14-15) and to 4154 students in grade 13 (aged 18-19) in 10 Italian towns. Alcohol consumption was greater among males than females and among 13th graders with respect to 9th graders. Students who drank alcoholic beverages every day were, in males and females, respectively, 22.5% and 9.0% among 9th grade and 31.3% and 10.0% among 13th grade students; those who drank 7 or more alcohol units a week were 26.8% and 11.1% among 9th grade and 42.7% and 13.9% among 13th grade students; finally, those who felt drunk at least once in the last 12 months were 19.8% and 13.9% among 9th grade and 41.4% and 19.0% among 13th grade students. Both alcohol consumption and frequency of drunkenness were found to be associated with both experimental and regular cigarette smoking and with psychoactive drug consumption, but not with socio-economic, cultural and demographic factors. Two main distinct drinking patterns were found among Italian adolescents: on the one hand, the daily drinking of moderate amount of wine with meals, together with parents, which was more common among males than females, as in other 'Latin' countries; and on the other hand, the occasional intake of alcoholic beverages in excess, especially beer and spirits, out of the family but together with peers.
在意大利的10个城镇，对5221名九年级（14 - 15岁）的高中生和4154名十三年级（18 - 19岁）的学生进行了一项关于酒精和烟草使用情况的匿名自填问卷调查。男性的酒精消费量高于女性，且十三年级学生的酒精消费量高于九年级学生。九年级学生中，每天饮酒的男性和女性分别占22.5%和9.0%；十三年级学生中，这一比例分别为31.3%和10.0%。每周饮用7个或更多酒精单位的九年级学生中，男性和女性分别占26.8%和11.1%；十三年级学生中，这一比例分别为42.7%和13.9%。最后，在过去12个月中至少有一次醉酒经历的九年级学生中，男性和女性分别占19.8%和13.9%；十三年级学生中，这一比例分别为41.4%和19.0%。研究发现，酒精消费量和醉酒频率均与尝试吸烟、经常吸烟以及精神活性药物消费有关，但与社会经济、文化和人口统计学因素无关。在意大利青少年中发现了两种主要不同的饮酒模式：一方面，像在其他“拉丁”国家一样，男性比女性更常见的是与父母一起在就餐时每日适量饮用葡萄酒；另一方面，是在家庭之外与同龄人一起偶尔过量饮用酒精饮料，尤其是啤酒和烈酒。
