Lemaire P, Fayol M
Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Mem Cognit. 1995 Jan;23(1):34-48. doi: 10.3758/bf03210555.
In the present study, we examined the conditions that favor the plausibility judgment strategy over the retrieval strategy when we verify some statements. In particular, we examined the effect of odd-even status of numbers on subjects' verification of single-digit arithmetic problems. In Experiment 1, we explored how factors such as problem difficulty and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) influence this effect in adults. In Experiment 2, we present evidence that this odd-even effect is also present in elementary school children, although it varies with the age of the children, the difficulty of the problems, and the SOA. We argue that the odd-even information is helpful in arithmetic verification tasks with difficult problems early in the verification processes and that the time course of these effects differs across ages. The present results are consistent with the view that the plausibility strategy is preferred over the retrieval strategy at an early stage of processing and with information that is not quickly accessible. Finally, we discuss the implications of the present experiments for understanding of single-digit arithmetic and for understanding the more general issue of how people coordinate use of multiple strategies.
在本研究中，我们考察了在验证某些陈述时，相较于检索策略，更有利于合理性判断策略的条件。具体而言，我们考察了数字的奇偶状态对受试者验证一位数算术问题的影响。在实验1中，我们探究了诸如问题难度和刺激呈现间隔（SOA）等因素如何在成年人中影响这种效应。在实验2中，我们提供证据表明，这种奇偶效应在小学生中也存在，尽管它会因儿童的年龄、问题的难度以及刺激呈现间隔而有所不同。我们认为，奇偶信息在验证过程早期对解决难题的算术验证任务有帮助，并且这些效应的时间进程在不同年龄段有所不同。目前的结果与这样一种观点一致，即在处理的早期阶段，当信息无法快速获取时，合理性策略比检索策略更受青睐。最后，我们讨论了本实验对于理解一位数算术以及理解人们如何协调使用多种策略这一更普遍问题的意义。
