Ghebremeskel K, Leighfield M, Leaf A, Costeloe K, Crawford M
Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, London, UK.
Eur J Pediatr. 1995 Jan;154(1):46-52.
Fatty acids of plasma and red cells of preterm babies, gestational age 28-33 weeks, weighing less than 2200 g were studied between birth and the expected date of delivery (EDD). Babies were fed either mothers' breast milk, or if they were unable, or chose not to breast-feed, randomly assigned to milk formula A or B. Milk B had 26% oleic acid, 0.5% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 0.12% arachidonic (AA); A had 13% oleic acid, less than 0.05% AA and no DHA. The proportions of gamma linoleic and the other fatty acids, and the ratio of linoleic acid (LA)/alpha linolenic acid (ALA) were comparable in the two formulae. Diet and/or physiological adaptation seemed to be responsible for the significant changes in the proportions of certain fatty acids between birth and EDD. Incorporation of DHA in formula B increased its concentration in plasma and red cells, and reduced the conversion of LA to AA. With respect to maintenance of DHA status, milk B was superior to milk A but did not match breast milk.
Fortification of formula with DHA without concomitant incorporation of AA may precipitate AA insufficiency and may have developmental implications.
对孕周为28 - 33周、体重小于2200克的早产儿出生至预产期期间的血浆和红细胞脂肪酸进行了研究。婴儿被喂食母乳，若无法进行母乳喂养或选择不进行母乳喂养，则随机分配至配方奶A或配方奶B。配方奶B含有26%的油酸、0.5%的二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和0.12%的花生四烯酸（AA）；配方奶A含有13%的油酸、低于0.05%的AA且不含DHA。两种配方奶中γ - 亚油酸及其他脂肪酸的比例，以及亚油酸（LA）/α - 亚麻酸（ALA）的比值相当。饮食和/或生理适应性似乎是出生至预产期期间某些脂肪酸比例发生显著变化的原因。配方奶B中添加DHA增加了其在血浆和红细胞中的浓度，并减少了LA向AA的转化。就维持DHA状态而言，配方奶B优于配方奶A，但不及母乳。
在配方奶中强化DHA而不添加AA可能会导致AA不足，并可能对发育产生影响。
