Ross D T, Meaney D F, Sabol M K, Smith D H, Gennarelli T A
Head Injury Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
Exp Neurol. 1994 Apr;126(2):291-9. doi: 10.1006/exnr.1994.1067.
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most frequently encountered types of brain damage resulting from closed head injury. This study was designed to verify whether DAI could be produced in miniature swine by rapid acceleration and deceleration of the head in the coronal plane. Hanford miniature swine (16-19 kg) were anesthetized with 3% isoflurane and their heads accelerated rapidly once through a 60-105 degrees arc in the coronal plane, producing only transient post-traumatic unconsciousness without prolonged coma. All animals made a good recovery and were sacrificed between 6 h and 10 days after injury. The response of forebrain projection systems to this injury was studied using neurofilament immunohistochemistry with antisera to nonphosphorylated (SMI-32) and phosphorylated (SMI-31) epitopes common to heavy (200 kDa) and medium (160 kDa) neurofilament proteins. In 9 of 12 animals, lesions characterized by foci of SMI-32 positive axonal retraction balls were present at the white matter/gray matter junction at the crests of gyri in the dorsolateral regions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices and along margins of the lateral ventricles. A high density of pyramidal neuron perikarya in layers III and V within cortical gyri associated with subcortical DAI were intensely positive for SMI-31 immunohistochemistry. These results validate the use of miniature swine in studies of axonal injury and demonstrate that axonal injury analogous to that seen in the mildest form of DAI (grade I) can be produced in these animals without producing prolonged coma.
弥漫性轴索损伤（DAI）是闭合性颅脑损伤最常见的脑损伤类型之一。本研究旨在验证通过在冠状面快速加速和减速头部是否能在小型猪中产生DAI。用3%异氟醚麻醉汉福德小型猪（16 - 19千克），其头部在冠状面快速通过60 - 105度的弧加速一次，仅产生短暂的创伤后无意识状态，无长时间昏迷。所有动物恢复良好，并在受伤后6小时至10天之间处死。使用针对重（200 kDa）和中（160 kDa）神经丝蛋白共有的非磷酸化（SMI - 32）和磷酸化（SMI - 31）表位的抗血清进行神经丝免疫组织化学研究前脑投射系统对该损伤的反应。在12只动物中的9只，在额叶、顶叶和颞叶皮质背外侧区域脑回顶部的白质/灰质交界处以及侧脑室边缘存在以SMI - 32阳性轴索回缩球灶为特征的损伤。与皮质下DAI相关的皮质脑回内III层和V层的高密度锥体细胞周缘对SMI - 31免疫组织化学呈强阳性。这些结果证实了小型猪在轴索损伤研究中的应用，并表明在这些动物中可以产生类似于最轻度形式的DAI（I级）所见的轴索损伤，而不会产生长时间昏迷。
