Fleming P M, Meyroyan A, Klimova I
Wessex Regional Drug Dependency Services, Portsmouth, U.K.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1994 Jul;29(4):357-62.
This paper reviews the state of alcohol treatment services in Russia. There have been some recent improvements, for example the introduction of confidentiality in treatment, the closure of correctional centres, and the payment of state benefits to in-patients. However, there remains a considerable stigma attached to a diagnosis of alcoholism. Although new approaches to treatment have been promulgated, in practice Russian treatment methods remain idiosyncratic with little in the way of psychotherapy. Many techniques utilise placebos and persuasion, with the patient as a passive recipient. Services are generally of a poor quality, and underfunded and medical specialists are poorly trained. To improve matters it is suggested that there will need to be: (1) changes in knowledge and attitude among the general population and within the specialist services; and (2) a continuing exchange of ideas and specialists between Russia and the West.
本文综述了俄罗斯酒精治疗服务的现状。近期有一些改进，例如在治疗中引入保密措施、关闭教养中心以及向住院患者支付国家福利。然而，酗酒症的诊断仍存在相当大的污名。尽管已经颁布了新的治疗方法，但实际上俄罗斯的治疗方法仍然独特，几乎没有心理治疗。许多技术使用安慰剂和劝说手段，患者处于被动接受状态。服务质量普遍较差，资金不足，医学专家的培训也很薄弱。为改善这种情况，建议需要：（1）改变普通民众和专业服务机构内部的知识和态度；（2）俄罗斯与西方之间持续进行思想和专家交流。
