Klein R, Klein B E, Jensen S C, Moss S E, Cruickshanks K J
University of Wisconsin Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison 53705-2397.
Ophthalmology. 1994 Dec;101(12):1969-79. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(13)31077-x.
To investigate the relations between socioeconomic factors and the prevalence of age-related cataract, maculopathy, and visual impairment.
A population-based sample of 4926 people 43 to 86 years of age was examined from 1988 to 1990. Education, income, employment status, marital status, nuclear sclerosis, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataract, age-related maculopathy, and impaired vision were all ascertained using standard protocols.
While controlling for age, sex, diabetes status, multivitamin use, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking, less education was significantly associated with nuclear and cortical cataract, and lower income was significantly associated with cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract and impaired vision. There was a "U-shaped" relation between income and cataract surgery. Neither income nor education was related to age-related maculopathy. There was no relation of marital status to cataract status or age-related maculopathy.
These data suggest that education and income are associated with cataract, cataract surgery, and impaired vision. These relations were not explained by other risk factors measured in the study.
探讨社会经济因素与年龄相关性白内障、黄斑病变及视力损害患病率之间的关系。
1988年至1990年对4926名年龄在43至86岁之间的人群进行了基于人群的抽样检查。采用标准方案确定教育程度、收入、就业状况、婚姻状况、核性硬化、皮质性和后囊下白内障、年龄相关性黄斑病变及视力损害情况。
在控制年龄、性别、糖尿病状况、多种维生素使用情况、饮酒量和吸烟量后，受教育程度较低与核性和皮质性白内障显著相关，收入较低与皮质性和后囊下白内障及视力损害显著相关。收入与白内障手术之间存在“U型”关系。收入和教育程度均与年龄相关性黄斑病变无关。婚姻状况与白内障状况或年龄相关性黄斑病变无关。
这些数据表明，教育程度和收入与白内障、白内障手术及视力损害有关。这些关系无法用本研究中测量的其他危险因素来解释。
