Hambrecht M, Häfner H, Löffler W
Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1994 Apr;29(2):53-60. doi: 10.1007/BF00805621.
As a part of the ABC Schizophrenia Study, a large-scale investigation of the influences of age and gender on the onset and course of schizophrenia, this study compared retrospective reports about emerging symptomatology during the early course of schizophrenia given by patients and their significant others in a representative first admission sample. The Interview for the Retrospective Assessment of the Onset of Schizophrenia (IRAOS), a comprehensive interview assessing early signs and symptoms, revealed that, in most cases, patients as well as informants perceived negative, depressive, and unspecific symptoms as early signs of the disorder. Pairwise agreement about the presence of certain symptoms was good for a limited number of signs, e.g., substance abuse, suicidal behavior, parental and marital role deficits, and paranoid delusions. These items mainly concern abnormal behaviors that can be observed easily. In contrast, there was little agreement between reports about perceptual and formal thought disorder, i.e., subjective internal phenomena. The results supported a continuity model for the observability of symptoms in schizophrenia.
作为ABC精神分裂症研究的一部分，该研究对年龄和性别对精神分裂症发病及病程的影响进行了大规模调查，在一个具有代表性的首次入院样本中，比较了患者及其重要他人给出的关于精神分裂症早期出现症状的回顾性报告。用于精神分裂症发病回顾性评估的访谈（IRAOS）是一项评估早期症状和体征的综合性访谈，结果显示，在大多数情况下，患者及其提供信息者都将消极、抑郁和非特异性症状视为该疾病的早期体征。对于某些症状的存在，在有限数量的体征方面，如药物滥用、自杀行为、父母及婚姻角色缺陷和偏执妄想，患者与提供信息者之间的两两一致性较好。这些项目主要涉及易于观察到的异常行为。相比之下，关于感知觉和形式思维障碍（即主观内在现象）的报告之间几乎没有一致性。研究结果支持了精神分裂症症状可观察性的连续性模型。
