Abrams D B, Boutwell W B, Grizzle J, Heimendinger J, Sorensen G, Varnes J
Brown University, Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI.
Prev Med. 1994 Jan;23(1):15-27. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1994.1003.
BACKGROUND. Few research studies have been conducted on cancer prevention and control at the workplace. This article presents an overview of the largest worksite cancer control trial in the United States--The Working Well Trial--conducted in 114 worksites by four study centers, a coordinating center, and the National Cancer Institute. The trial's organizational structure, research design, dependent measures, and theoretical model for intervention are described. Special features of the trial include using the worksite as the unit of randomization, intervention, and evaluation and a theory-driven conceptual model of intervention that places emphasis on individual and organizational targets for change, uses the transtheoretical stage of change model to guide a sustained 2-year multiple risk factor intervention, and makes use of volunteer resources within the worksite to reduce cost, increase participation, and improve tailoring to individual needs. The trial will have a potential impact on over 25,000 workers. CONCLUSION. The issues raised in this overview have implications for the evaluation and dissemination of cancer prevention and control programs to defined populations.
背景。针对工作场所癌症预防与控制的研究较少。本文概述了美国规模最大的工作场所癌症控制试验——“健康工作试验”，该试验由四个研究中心、一个协调中心和美国国立癌症研究所于114个工作场所开展。文中描述了该试验的组织结构、研究设计、相关指标以及干预理论模型。该试验的特色包括：以工作场所作为随机分组、干预及评估的单位；采用理论驱动的干预概念模型，强调个体和组织层面的变革目标；运用跨理论阶段变化模型指导为期两年的持续多危险因素干预；利用工作场所内的志愿者资源以降低成本、提高参与度并更好地满足个体需求。该试验将对超过25,000名工人产生潜在影响。结论。本综述中提出的问题对向特定人群评估和传播癌症预防与控制项目具有启示意义。
