Roberts B W, Donahue E M
Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
J Pers. 1994 Jun;62(2):199-218. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00291.x.
How do people maintain multiple, role-specific self-conceptions as well as a consistent sense of self? In a sample of middle-aged women, we examined three issues: (a) the ways in which people view themselves as both different and similar across social roles (e.g., parent, friend, worker), (b) how role-specific self-conceptions and general self-conceptions are related, and (c) the merits of predicting role-specific criteria from role-specific and general self-conceptions. Results showed that subjects' self-conceptions were specific to role contexts, yet highly correlated across those same role contexts. In addition, role-specific self-conceptions were more similar to the general self-concept for roles with which the individual was more satisfied. Finally, as predicted from the bandwidth-fidelity trade-off, ratings of the general self correlated moderately with outcomes across all role domains, whereas ratings of role-specific self-conceptions correlated strongly with outcomes for the same role, but not in other roles.
人们如何维持多重特定角色的自我概念以及连贯的自我意识呢？在一个中年女性样本中，我们研究了三个问题：(a) 人们如何看待自己在不同社会角色（如母亲、朋友、工作者）中既存在差异又具有相似性；(b) 特定角色的自我概念与一般自我概念之间的关系；(c) 从特定角色和一般自我概念预测特定角色标准的价值。结果显示，受试者的自我概念因角色背景而异，但在这些相同的角色背景中高度相关。此外，对于个体更满意的角色，特定角色的自我概念与一般自我概念更为相似。最后，正如从带宽-保真度权衡所预测的那样，一般自我的评分与所有角色领域的结果呈中度相关，而特定角色的自我概念评分与同一角色的结果高度相关，但与其他角色的结果无关。
