Simic M G
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6072.
Cancer Res. 1994 Apr 1;54(7 Suppl):1918s-1923s.
Understanding endogenous mechanisms of carcinogenesis through measuring oxidative markers has advanced greatly in the past decade, paralleling similar achievements in exogenous carcinogenesis through measurements of DNA-adduct markers. Understanding the mechanisms of genesis, metabolism, and physiological properties of the products of oxidative stress is essential in determining products that are specific molecular markers. Measurement technology allows sensitive detection, monitoring, and quantitation of oxidative DNA markers both locally in tissue and systemically in body fluids. Both approaches can be used to assess oxidative stress. Although measurement of markers of oxidative stress relevant to carcinogenesis is at an early stage of development, this approach will probably become an integral part of early diagnostics and the assessment of tumor metabolism. For comprehensive understanding of endogenous carcinogenesis, oxidative markers of protein and lipid damage are also necessary. A larger and perhaps more important application of oxidative markers is in anticarcinogenesis, particularly chemoprevention. Because urinary markers are a noninvasive methodology, they are especially appropriate for assessing and indexing the anticarcinogenic potential of diets and foods from modulation of the rate of DNA damage, which may be correlated with mutagenic and, ultimately, carcinogenic potential.
在过去十年中，通过测量氧化标志物来了解内源性致癌机制取得了巨大进展，这与通过测量DNA加合物标志物来了解外源性致癌机制方面取得的类似成就并行。了解氧化应激产物的生成、代谢和生理特性机制对于确定特定分子标志物的产物至关重要。测量技术能够在组织局部和体液全身对氧化DNA标志物进行灵敏检测、监测和定量。这两种方法都可用于评估氧化应激。尽管与致癌作用相关的氧化应激标志物测量尚处于发展初期，但这种方法可能会成为早期诊断和肿瘤代谢评估的一个组成部分。为了全面了解内源性致癌作用，蛋白质和脂质损伤的氧化标志物也是必要的。氧化标志物一个更大且可能更重要的应用在于抗癌作用，尤其是化学预防。由于尿液标志物是一种非侵入性方法，它们特别适合于通过调节DNA损伤速率来评估和索引饮食及食物的抗癌潜力，而DNA损伤速率可能与致突变性以及最终的致癌潜力相关。
