Ebbeling C J, Hamill J, Crussemeyer J A
Dept. of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst 01003.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1994 Apr;19(4):190-6. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1994.19.4.190.
In today's society, many women wear high-heeled shoes. However, the effect that shoes of different heel heights have on the biomechanics and energy cost of gait has not been fully investigated. In the present study, the energy cost and the lower extremity mechanics in shoes of different heel heights (1.25 cm, 3.81 cm, 5.08 cm, and 7.62 cm) were examined in 15 female subjects, seven of whom could be considered experienced high-heel wearers. Kinematic data from high-speed video and kinetic data from a force platform were collected to describe lower extremity mechanics while subjects walked overground at a speed of 4.2 km/hour. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were monitored while subjects walked on a treadmill, also at 4.2 km/hour. There were no significant differences in any of the parameters as a function of experience in wearing high heels; therefore, the data were pooled for further analysis. Analysis of the biomechanical data revealed that ankle plantar flexion, knee flexion, vertical ground reaction force, and the maximum anteroposterior braking force increased as a function of heel height. In addition, the timing of the subtalar and knee joint action was asynchronous with the increase in heel height. Metabolically, heart rate and oxygen consumption also increased with heel height. There were many significant differences between the 5.08-cm and the 7.62-cm heel conditions. Therefore, to maintain comfort and decrease the risk of injury, women may be advised not to wear shoes with a heel height greater than 5.08 cm.
在当今社会，许多女性都穿高跟鞋。然而，不同鞋跟高度的鞋子对步态生物力学和能量消耗的影响尚未得到充分研究。在本研究中，对15名女性受试者穿着不同鞋跟高度（1.25厘米、3.81厘米、5.08厘米和7.62厘米）鞋子时的能量消耗和下肢力学进行了检查，其中7名受试者可被视为有经验的高跟鞋穿着者。在受试者以4.2公里/小时的速度在地面行走时，收集高速视频的运动学数据和力平台的动力学数据来描述下肢力学。在受试者同样以4.2公里/小时的速度在跑步机上行走时，监测心率和氧气消耗。作为穿着高跟鞋经验的函数，任何参数均无显著差异；因此，将数据汇总以进行进一步分析。生物力学数据分析表明，随着鞋跟高度的增加，踝关节跖屈、膝关节屈曲、垂直地面反作用力和最大前后制动力均增加。此外，随着鞋跟高度的增加，距下关节和膝关节动作的时间不同步。在代谢方面，心率和氧气消耗也随着鞋跟高度的增加而增加。5.08厘米和7.62厘米鞋跟条件之间存在许多显著差异。因此，为了保持舒适并降低受伤风险，建议女性不要穿鞋跟高度大于5.08厘米的鞋子。
