McElhaney J E, Meneilly G S, Lechelt K E, Beattie B L, Bleackley R C
Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Vaccine. 1993;11(10):1055-60. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(93)90133-i.
The antibody response to influenza vaccination has been variably reported to be decreased in elderly individuals. To determine the effect of ageing alone on this antibody response, a group of carefully-screened healthy elderly subjects were compared with young adult controls. Antibody titres for several strains of influenza were measured before and after vaccination with whole-virus (WVV) and split-virus influenza vaccines (SVV) in two successive years. In general, the antibody response to WVV was greater than the response to SVV. Both groups showed a similar response to the H3N2 strain but the elderly group showed a lower response to the H1N1 and B strains of virus contained in the vaccine. Antibodies to older strains of influenza A but not B were stimulated by vaccination with SVV. In the elderly group, the response to older viral strains was relatively increased compared with newer strains. In contrast, the young control group had better antibody responses to the newer than to the older strains of influenza tested. Reductions in the antibody response to influenza vaccination may, therefore, be related to the phenomenon of original antigenic sin and the cohort effect of exposure to H1N1 during childhood in the elderly group studied. The increased immunogenicity of WVV must be considered in light of the current wide use of SVV in the elderly.
据报道，老年人对流感疫苗的抗体反应有所下降，但存在差异。为了确定衰老本身对这种抗体反应的影响，将一组经过仔细筛选的健康老年受试者与年轻成人对照组进行了比较。连续两年，在接种全病毒流感疫苗（WVV）和裂解病毒流感疫苗（SVV）之前和之后，测量了针对几种流感毒株的抗体滴度。一般来说，对WVV的抗体反应大于对SVV的反应。两组对H3N2毒株的反应相似，但老年组对疫苗中所含H1N1和B型病毒毒株的反应较低。接种SVV可刺激对甲型流感旧毒株而非乙型流感毒株产生抗体。在老年组中，与新毒株相比，对旧病毒毒株的反应相对增加。相比之下，年轻对照组对所测试的新型流感毒株的抗体反应比对旧毒株的更好。因此，老年人对流感疫苗抗体反应的降低可能与原始抗原罪现象以及该老年组儿童时期接触H1N1的队列效应有关。鉴于目前SVV在老年人中的广泛使用，必须考虑WVV免疫原性增强的情况。
