Jones L, Giavedoni L, Saliki J T, Brown C, Mebus C, Yilma T
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis 95616.
Vaccine. 1993;11(9):961-4. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(93)90386-c.
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, enteritis and pneumonia. The causative agent, PPRV, is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Morbillivirus. Other members of the genus include rinderpest (RPV), measles, canine distemper and phocid distemper viruses. PPR has a very high rate of morbidity and mortality, and effective control of this disease is of economic importance in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Currently, there is no safe and effective vaccine available against the disease. The tissue culture rinderpest vaccine (TCRV) protects small ruminants against severe disease; there are, however, clinical problems associated with vaccination. This laboratory has recently developed several effective vaccinia virus recombinant vaccines for rinderpest. These vaccines are easy to administer, inexpensive to produce and heat-stable. Goats were vaccinated with a vaccinia virus double recombinant expressing the haemagglutinin and fusion genes of RPV. Although vaccinated animals developed antibodies (neutralizing and ELISA) to RPV, and not to PPRV, they were completely protected against challenge inoculation with virulent PPRV. This would indicate that protection is most probably due to cell-mediated immunity. Use of the rinderpest double recombinant vaccinia virus in areas of the world where PPRV is endemic would aid in the control and eradication of PPR.
小反刍兽疫（PPR）是山羊和绵羊的一种病毒性疾病，其特征为坏死性和糜烂性口炎、肠炎及肺炎。病原体小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）属于副粘病毒科麻疹病毒属。该属的其他成员包括牛瘟病毒（RPV）、麻疹病毒、犬瘟热病毒和海豹瘟热病毒。小反刍兽疫的发病率和死亡率极高，在非洲、亚洲和中东地区有效控制这种疾病具有重要的经济意义。目前，尚无针对该疾病的安全有效的疫苗。组织培养牛瘟疫苗（TCRV）可保护小反刍兽免受严重疾病侵害；然而，接种疫苗存在临床问题。本实验室最近研制出了几种有效的牛瘟痘病毒重组疫苗。这些疫苗易于接种，生产成本低廉且耐热稳定。用表达RPV血凝素和融合基因的痘病毒双重组疫苗对山羊进行接种。尽管接种动物产生了针对RPV而非PPRV的抗体（中和抗体和ELISA抗体），但它们完全受到保护，免受强毒PPRV的攻击接种。这表明保护作用很可能是由于细胞介导的免疫。在PPRV流行的世界各地区使用牛瘟双重组痘病毒将有助于控制和根除小反刍兽疫。
