Majewski F, Bierich J R, Löser H, Michaelis R, Leiber B, Bettecken F
MMW Munch Med Wochenschr. 1976 Dec 10;118(50):1635-42.
68 cases of alcohol embryopathy are reported. The main symptoms are intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation (91%), microcephaly (87 per cent), psychomotor and mental retardation (84 per cent) and a typical craniofacial dysmorphism. Other malformations are frequently found such as cardiac defects (31 per cent), anomalies of joints (23 per cent) and genitalia (50 per cent). There is a marked variation in the intensity of the malformations. Taking into account the extent of the craniofacial dysmorphism and the cerebral damage, a classification into three types (I-111) of alcohol embryopathy is proposed. That ethanol has a teratogenic effect seems to be confirmed. The mother's clinical history suggests that the quantity of alcohol consumed has no marked influence on birth weight, length of gestation and severity of the symptoms. Possibly a defective ethanol metabolism in the severely affected mothers may account for the dysplasias.
报告了68例酒精胚胎病病例。主要症状为宫内及出生后生长发育迟缓（91%）、小头畸形（87%）、精神运动及智力发育迟缓（84%）以及典型的颅面畸形。还经常发现其他畸形，如心脏缺陷（31%）、关节异常（23%）和生殖器异常（50%）。畸形的严重程度有明显差异。考虑到颅面畸形的程度和脑损伤情况，提出了酒精胚胎病的三种类型（I - III型）分类法。乙醇具有致畸作用这一点似乎得到了证实。母亲的临床病史表明，饮酒量对出生体重、妊娠期长短及症状严重程度并无显著影响。可能是受严重影响的母亲体内乙醇代谢缺陷导致了发育异常。
