Visconti A
Ann Sclavo. 1976 Mar-Apr;18(2):308-21.
Previous studies on the serological diagnosis of the lower respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria have been reviewed. The most significant results have been up to today obtained with the double immunodiffusion technique (Ouchterlony) for detecting different, specific and aspecific, bacterial precipitins in the serum of the patients, and with the immunoelectrophoresis which allows to distinguish specific precipitine lines from the aspecific ones. Among the other immunological methods, bacterial agglutination, passive haemagglutination, cross-over-immunoelectrophoresis, complement fixation, and immunofluorescence have been only occasionally used, but further comparative studies are needed and suggested to establish their diagnostic value. Other technical problems, as purity of antigens or cross-reactivity of antibody or antibodies level evaluation, are raised and discussed. Further improving of the serological methods would allow their routine use in clinical bacteriology as a useful tool in the assessment of pathogenicity of the bacterial species in the sputum and in the ethiological diagnosis of broncho pulmonary infections, at least of those cases in which exclusive relaying on sputum cultures could be fallacious.
此前有关细菌引起的下呼吸道感染血清学诊断的研究已被综述。迄今为止，采用双向免疫扩散技术（欧氏法）检测患者血清中不同的、特异性和非特异性的细菌沉淀素，以及采用免疫电泳区分特异性沉淀线和非特异性沉淀线，已取得了最显著的成果。在其他免疫方法中，细菌凝集、被动血凝、交叉免疫电泳、补体结合和免疫荧光仅偶尔使用，但需要并建议进行进一步的比较研究以确定它们的诊断价值。还提出并讨论了其他技术问题，如抗原纯度、抗体交叉反应或抗体水平评估。血清学方法的进一步改进将使其能够在临床细菌学中常规使用，作为评估痰液中细菌种类致病性以及支气管肺部感染病因诊断的有用工具，至少对于那些仅依靠痰液培养可能产生错误结果的病例是如此。
