Plesko I, Vlasák V, Kramárová E, Obsitníková A
Cancer Research Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 1993 Jun;1(1):19-24.
Highly complete and detailed data on cancer incidence collected in National Cancer Registry of Slovakia in the years 1968-1988 contributed largely to the study of the relations between cancer occurrence and environment. The study of temporal trends of age-adjusted rates revealed the rapid increase of overall cancer incidence and mortality rates in males influenced mainly by extreme increase and high proportion of lung cancer. The lower but increasing overall incidence rates in females could be related to the increase in breast, other skin and genital organs cancers, while the stabilized mortality trends were caused by improving prognosis of these major cancers in females. The possible role of environmental factors in adults could be stressed also by the temporal trends of childhood malignancies which remained fairly stable during the same period. The role of environmental factors in cancer etiology is further documented with the dramatically increasing incidence of malignant skin melanoma caused probably by the overexposition to the sunlight and with prevailing incidence of the majority of cancer sites in urban areas. Finally, the significantly increased incidence rates of other skin cancers are shown in two districts and in both sexes in relation to the environment, highly polluted with arsenic.
1968年至1988年斯洛伐克国家癌症登记处收集的关于癌症发病率的高度完整和详细的数据，在很大程度上有助于研究癌症发生与环境之间的关系。对年龄调整率的时间趋势研究表明，男性总体癌症发病率和死亡率迅速上升，主要受肺癌极端增加和高比例的影响。女性总体发病率较低但呈上升趋势，这可能与乳腺癌、其他皮肤癌和生殖器官癌症的增加有关，而死亡率趋势稳定是由于女性这些主要癌症的预后改善。儿童恶性肿瘤的时间趋势在同一时期保持相当稳定，这也凸显了环境因素在成年人中可能发挥的作用。环境因素在癌症病因学中的作用进一步体现在恶性皮肤黑色素瘤发病率急剧上升上，这可能是由于过度暴露于阳光下，以及城市地区大多数癌症部位的发病率普遍较高。最后，在两个地区以及与高砷污染环境相关的男女两性中，其他皮肤癌的发病率均显著上升。
