Desplanches D, Hoppeler H, Linossier M T, Denis C, Claassen H, Dormois D, Lacour J R, Geyssant A
URA 1341 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine de Lyon Grange Blanche, France.
Pflugers Arch. 1993 Nov;425(3-4):263-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00374176.
The adaptive response of skeletal muscle to training in normoxia and in severe normobaric hypoxia was studied. The first group of five male subjects trained for 3 weeks on a bicycle (2 h/day, 6 days/week) in normoxia (Control training, Con T). A second group of five subjects trained in an ambient FIO2 decreasing progressively from 12.7% to a final level of 10.0% (hypoxic training, Hyp T). Fourteen months later, these subjects trained in normoxia at the same absolute power (normoxic training, Nor T). Peak oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was measured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were analysed for fibre size, capillary and ultrastructural composition. Nor T had no effect on muscle tissue or VO2 max. Con T increased volume density of total mitochondria and lipids by 36 and 135% respectively (P < 0.05). Hyp T induced a 10% increase (P < 0.05) in peak VO2 max measured in hypoxia. Mean fibre cross-sectional area, interfibrillar mitochondrial volume density and capillary-to-fibre ratio were increased (P < 0.05) by 10, 42 and 13% respectively in the Hyp T group. These results suggest that training at the same relative workload in normoxia and hypoxia have similar, but not identical, effects on muscle tissue. If training in normoxia is carried out at the same absolute workload as in severe hypoxia, no significant effects are observed.
研究了骨骼肌在常氧和严重常压缺氧条件下对训练的适应性反应。第一组五名男性受试者在常氧环境下进行了3周的自行车训练（每天2小时，每周6天）（对照训练，Con T）。第二组五名受试者在环境氧分压从12.7%逐渐降低至最终水平10.0%的条件下进行训练（低氧训练，Hyp T）。14个月后，这些受试者在常氧环境下以相同的绝对功率进行训练（常氧训练，Nor T）。在常氧和低氧条件下测量了峰值耗氧量（VO2 max）。对股外侧肌活检样本进行纤维大小、毛细血管和超微结构组成分析。Nor T对肌肉组织或VO2 max没有影响。Con T使总线粒体和脂质的体积密度分别增加了36%和135%（P < 0.05）。Hyp T使在低氧条件下测量的峰值VO2 max增加了10%（P < 0.05）。Hyp T组的平均纤维横截面积、肌原纤维间线粒体体积密度和毛细血管与纤维比率分别增加了10%、42%和13%（P < 0.05）。这些结果表明，在常氧和低氧条件下以相同相对工作量进行训练对肌肉组织有相似但不完全相同的影响。如果在常氧环境下以与严重低氧相同的绝对工作量进行训练，则未观察到显著影响。
