Yoser S L, Forster D J, Rao N A
Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
Surv Ophthalmol. 1993 Mar-Apr;37(5):313-52. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(93)90064-e.
Viruses are one of the most common causes of infections involving the posterior segment of the eye. Such infections can occur either on a congenital or an acquired basis, and may affect primarily the retina or the choroid. Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) and rubella infections may result in retinitis. CMV retinitis is also the most common cause of acquired viral retinitis, primarily because of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Other types of viral retinitis, such as those caused by herpes simplex or herpes zoster, can occur in immunocompromised or immunocompetent individuals. Retinitis or choroiditis caused by viruses such as measles, influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, and Rift Valley fever virus, typically occurs subsequent to an acute viral systemic illness. The systemic and ocular manifestations, as well as the histopathology, laboratory tests, differential diagnoses, and treatment regimens for each of the individual viruses are discussed in detail.
病毒是累及眼后段感染的最常见病因之一。此类感染可先天性发生或后天获得，主要影响视网膜或脉络膜。先天性巨细胞病毒（CMV）和风疹感染可能导致视网膜炎。CMV视网膜炎也是后天获得性病毒性视网膜炎的最常见病因，主要是由于获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）。其他类型的病毒性视网膜炎，如由单纯疱疹或带状疱疹引起的视网膜炎，可发生于免疫功能低下或免疫功能正常的个体。由麻疹、流感、EB病毒和裂谷热病毒等病毒引起的视网膜炎或脉络膜炎，通常在急性病毒全身性疾病之后发生。本文将详细讨论每种病毒的全身和眼部表现，以及组织病理学、实验室检查、鉴别诊断和治疗方案。
