Osweiler G D, Kehrli M E, Stabel J R, Thurston J R, Ross P F, Wilson T M
Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
J Anim Sci. 1993 Feb;71(2):459-66. doi: 10.2527/1993.712459x.
Fumonisins are myocotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum, common molds of corn in North America. The toxin is at especially high concentrations in corn screenings. Fumonisins are toxic to swine and horses, but effects of these toxins in cattle have not been evaluated. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects in cattle of feeding fumonisins at levels known to be toxic to swine and horses. A total of 18 crossbred feeder calves were fed diets containing fumonisins at 15, 31, or 148 micrograms/g for 31 d. Feed consumption, weight gain, complete blood count, serum clinical chemistries, and an immune function profile were done on d -3, 4, 10, 17 and 31 relative to the start of fumonisin feeding. There was no treatment-related effect on feed intake or weight gain, but feed containing 148 micrograms/g of fumonisins seemed to be less palatable than other feeds. Significant increases in serum aspartate amino transferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, and cholesterol occurred from d 10 through 31. Mild microscopic liver lesions were present in two calves fed at the highest fumonisin level. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was significantly impaired at the end of the feeding period in the group given the highest dose. Other measures of immune function were not affected significantly. Fumonisins are capable of causing changes in liver function and in some measures of immune function. However, cattle seem to be relatively less susceptible to fumonisins present naturally in grains than either swine or horses.
伏马菌素是由串珠镰刀菌和层出镰刀菌产生的霉菌毒素，这两种真菌是北美玉米中常见的霉菌。这种毒素在玉米筛渣中的浓度特别高。伏马菌素对猪和马有毒，但尚未评估这些毒素对牛的影响。本实验旨在确定给牛喂食已知对猪和马有毒水平的伏马菌素所产生的影响。总共18头杂交育肥牛犊被喂食含有15、31或148微克/克伏马菌素的日粮，持续31天。在相对于开始喂食伏马菌素的第 -3、4、10、17和31天，进行了采食量、体重增加、全血细胞计数、血清临床化学分析以及免疫功能检测。在采食量或体重增加方面没有与处理相关的影响，但含有148微克/克伏马菌素的饲料似乎不如其他饲料可口。从第10天到31天，血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、乳酸脱氢酶、胆红素和胆固醇显著增加。在以最高伏马菌素水平喂食的两头牛犊中出现了轻度的肝脏微观病变。在喂食期结束时，给予最高剂量的组中淋巴细胞增殖显著受损。免疫功能的其他指标没有受到显著影响。伏马菌素能够引起肝功能和某些免疫功能指标的变化。然而，与猪或马相比牛似乎对谷物中天然存在的伏马菌素相对不那么敏感。
