Lavigne J V, Faier-Routman J
Department of Child Psychiatry 10, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1993 Apr;14(2):117-23.
Thirty-eight studies of correlates of children's adjustment to physical disorders were reviewed in a meta-analysis and compared with existing models. Results indicate (1) considered collectively, disease/disability risk factors, parent/family risk factors, and child characteristics are significantly correlated with child adjustment although stressors (including socioeconomic status) are not; (2) disease/disability risk factors show significantly lower correlations than do parent/family or child characteristics; (3) child characteristics show the strongest correlation to adjustment, but these measures may be contaminated because items on some of these scales (e.g., self-concept, temperament) sometimes overlap with those on measures of total adjustment. With the exception of studies of disease severity, the number of studies meeting criteria for inclusion, with quantifiable correlates and measures of adjustment, was quite small. Inclusion of child, family/parent, social and medical risk/protective factors in future models is most appropriate, but greater emphasis needs to be placed on the child and family/parent characteristics. Greater attention also must be devoted to examining the interaction of risk/protective factors, including those that may be general and those that may be specific to a particular disability.
一项荟萃分析对38项关于儿童对身体疾病适应情况相关因素的研究进行了综述，并与现有模型进行了比较。结果表明：（1）总体而言，疾病/残疾风险因素、父母/家庭风险因素和儿童特征与儿童适应情况显著相关，而压力源（包括社会经济地位）则不然；（2）疾病/残疾风险因素的相关性显著低于父母/家庭或儿童特征；（3）儿童特征与适应情况的相关性最强，但这些测量方法可能存在偏差，因为其中一些量表（如自我概念、气质）上的项目有时与总体适应情况测量中的项目重叠。除了疾病严重程度的研究外，符合纳入标准、具有可量化相关因素和适应情况测量方法的研究数量相当少。未来模型中纳入儿童、家庭/父母、社会和医疗风险/保护因素最为合适，但需要更加强调儿童和家庭/父母特征。还必须更加关注检查风险/保护因素之间的相互作用，包括那些可能是一般性的因素和那些可能特定于某种特定残疾的因素。
