Blundell J E, Burley V J, Cotton J R, Lawton C L
Psychology Department, University of Leeds, UK.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 May;57(5 Suppl):772S-777S; discussion 777S-778S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/57.5.772S.
Three separate experiments in lean subjects confirmed that a 1.52-MJ (362-kcal) carbohydrate supplement at breakfast suppressed appetite 90 min later but had no effect on a test meal given after 270 min. A 1.52-MJ (362-kcal) fat supplement produced no detectable action on measures of appetite at any time point. Therefore, fat and carbohydrate do not have identical effects on the appetite profile. In a further study in obese subjects, a novel experimental design was used to assess the satiating efficiency and compensatory response of fat. Eating from a range of either high-fat or high-carbohydrate foods, obese subjects voluntarily consumed twice as much energy from the fat items, thereby indicating a weak action of fat on satiation. In turn, this large intake of fat exerted a disproportionately weak effect on satiety. These studies suggest that the appetite-control system may have only weak inhibitory mechanisms to prevent the passive overconsumption of dietary fat. The results indicate how this action could induce a positive energy balance and lead to a gradual upward drift in body mass index.
针对瘦人的三项独立实验证实，早餐时补充1.52兆焦耳（362千卡）的碳水化合物会在90分钟后抑制食欲，但对270分钟后提供的测试餐没有影响。补充1.52兆焦耳（362千卡）的脂肪在任何时间点对食欲指标均未产生可检测到的作用。因此，脂肪和碳水化合物对食欲特征的影响并不相同。在一项针对肥胖者的进一步研究中，采用了一种新颖的实验设计来评估脂肪的饱腹感效率和补偿反应。肥胖者从一系列高脂肪或高碳水化合物食物中进食，他们从脂肪类食物中自愿摄入的能量是前者的两倍，从而表明脂肪对饱腹感的作用较弱。反过来，如此大量的脂肪摄入对饱腹感产生的作用也出奇地弱。这些研究表明，食欲控制系统可能只有较弱的抑制机制来防止膳食脂肪的被动过量摄入。结果表明了这种作用如何导致正能量平衡并使体重指数逐渐上升。
