Keltner D, Ellsworth P C, Edwards K
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993 May;64(5):740-52. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.64.5.740.
In keeping with cognitive appraisal models of emotion, it was hypothesized that sadness and anger would exert different influences on causal judgments. Two experiments provided initial support for this hypothesis. Sad Ss perceived situationally caused events as more likely (Experiment 1) and situational forces more responsible for an ambiguous event (Experiment 2) than angry Ss, who, in contrast, perceived events caused by humans as more likely and other people as more responsible. Experiments 3, 4, and 5 showed that the experience of these emotions, rather than their cognitive constituents, mediates these effects. The nonemotional exposure to situational or human agency information did not influence causal judgments (Experiment 3), whereas the induction of sadness and anger without explicit agency information did (Experiments 4 and 5). Discussion is focused on the influence of emotion on social judgment.
与情绪的认知评估模型一致，研究假设悲伤和愤怒会对因果判断产生不同影响。两项实验为这一假设提供了初步支持。悲伤的被试比愤怒的被试更倾向于认为情境导致的事件更有可能发生（实验1），且情境因素对一个模棱两可的事件更具责任（实验2），相比之下，愤怒的被试则认为人为导致的事件更有可能发生，且他人更具责任。实验3、4和5表明，这些情绪的体验而非其认知成分介导了这些效应。对情境或人为因素信息的非情绪化接触并未影响因果判断（实验3），而在没有明确因素信息的情况下诱发悲伤和愤怒则会产生影响（实验4和5）。讨论聚焦于情绪对社会判断的影响。
