Ekman P
Human Interaction Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
Am Psychol. 1993 Apr;48(4):384-92. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.48.4.384.
Cross-cultural research on facial expression and the developments of methods to measure facial expression are briefly summarized. What has been learned about emotion from this work on the face is then elucidated. Four questions about facial expression and emotion are discussed: What information does an expression typically convey? Can there be emotion without facial expression? Can there be a facial expression of emotion without emotion? How do individuals differ in their facial expressions of emotion?
对面部表情的跨文化研究以及测量面部表情方法的发展进行了简要总结。然后阐述了从这项关于面部表情的研究中所了解到的关于情感的内容。讨论了关于面部表情和情感的四个问题:一种表情通常传达什么信息?没有面部表情是否会有情感?没有情感是否会有情感的面部表情?个体在情感的面部表情上有何差异?