Buckingham R A, Buckingham R O
Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
BMJ. 1995 Dec 2;311(7018):1479-82. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.7018.1479.
Robots designed for surgery have three main advantages over humans. They have greater three dimensional spatial accuracy, are more reliable, and can achieve much greater precision. Although few surgical robots are yet in clinical trials one or two have advanced to the stage of seeking approval from the UK's Medical Devices Agency and the US Federal Drug Administration. Safety is a key concern. A robotic device can be designed in an intrinsically safe way by restricting its range of movement to an area where it can do no damage. Furthermore, safety can be increased by making it passive, guided at all times by a surgeon. Nevertheless, some of the most promising developments may come from robots that are active (monitored rather than controlled by the surgeon) and not limited to intrinsically safe motion.
专为手术设计的机器人相对于人类有三个主要优势。它们具有更高的三维空间精度、更可靠，并且能够实现更高的精准度。虽然目前很少有手术机器人处于临床试验阶段，但有一两个已进入寻求英国医疗器械局和美国食品药品监督管理局批准的阶段。安全性是一个关键问题。可以通过将机器人的活动范围限制在不会造成损害的区域，以本质安全的方式设计机器人设备。此外，通过使其处于被动状态，始终由外科医生引导，可以提高安全性。然而，一些最有前景的发展可能来自主动型机器人（由外科医生监测而非控制），并且不限于本质安全的动作。
