Otero-Sabogal R, Sabogal F, Pérez-Stable E J, Hiatt R A
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1995(18):73-82.
Current knowledge is scarce on Latino dietary practices. This study compared the dietary practices, alcohol consumption, and smoking behavior of Latinos and non-Latino whites in two randomly selected samples. Telephone surveys of adults 35-74 years of age from the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (Latinos = 844; non-Latino whites = 510) and from census tract-based areas (Latinos = 806; non-Latino whites = 436) were conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area. Latino ethnicity was a significant predictor of dietary and alcohol consumption practices in multivariate logistic regression models after adjustment for sex, education, age, employment, health insurance, martial status, county of residence, and self-perceived health status. Compared with non-Latino whites, Latinos were significantly less likely to report eating vegetables and more likely to eat rice, beans, and fried foods and to drink whole milk. Less acculturated Latinos were more likely to eat fruits, rice, beans, meat, and fried foods and to drink whole milk than more acculturated Latinos. Latino men were significantly more likely to be binge drinkers, and Latina women were significantly more likely to abstain from drinking alcohol during the month prior to the interview. As Latina women acculturate to the U.S. mainstream, they report more cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Although Latinos reported higher levels of selected high-fiber foods, the low consumption of vegetables, widespread use of saturated fat, and the heavy drinking and smoking among Latino men, which are associated with the level of acculturation, may increase the risk for cancer. Educational messages targeting less acculturated Latinos should focus on maintaining their current healthy dietary practices of eating fruits, rice, and beans and decreasing their fat consumption. For more acculturated Latinos, emphasis should be placed on resuming the traditional diet.
目前关于拉丁裔饮食习惯的知识匮乏。本研究在两个随机抽取的样本中比较了拉丁裔和非拉丁裔白人的饮食习惯、饮酒情况及吸烟行为。对来自凯撒医疗保健计划（拉丁裔 = 844人；非拉丁裔白人 = 510人）以及基于人口普查区的地区（拉丁裔 = 806人；非拉丁裔白人 = 436人）的35 - 74岁成年人进行了电话调查，调查地点为旧金山湾区。在对性别、教育程度、年龄、就业情况、医疗保险、婚姻状况、居住县以及自我感知健康状况进行调整后，在多变量逻辑回归模型中，拉丁裔种族是饮食和饮酒习惯的重要预测因素。与非拉丁裔白人相比，拉丁裔报告食用蔬菜的可能性显著更低，而食用米饭、豆类、油炸食品以及饮用全脂牛奶的可能性更高。与文化适应程度较高的拉丁裔相比，文化适应程度较低的拉丁裔更有可能食用水果、米饭、豆类、肉类和油炸食品，并饮用全脂牛奶。拉丁裔男性成为酗酒者的可能性显著更高，而拉丁裔女性在访谈前一个月戒酒的可能性显著更高。随着拉丁裔女性逐渐适应美国主流文化，她们报告的吸烟和饮酒情况增多。尽管拉丁裔报告某些高纤维食物的摄入量较高，但蔬菜摄入量低、饱和脂肪的广泛使用以及拉丁裔男性中的大量饮酒和吸烟情况（这些都与文化适应程度有关）可能会增加患癌风险。针对文化适应程度较低的拉丁裔的教育信息应侧重于保持他们目前食用水果、米饭和豆类的健康饮食习惯，并减少脂肪摄入。对于文化适应程度较高的拉丁裔，应强调恢复传统饮食。
