Pohl H R, Abadin H G
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1995 Oct;22(2):180-8. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1995.1083.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) utilizes chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. During MRL derivation, uncertainty factors (UF) are used. Under current ATSDR methodology, default UFs of 10 are applied to extrapolate from a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) to a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), for interspecies extrapolation and for intraspecies variability. However, chemical-specific toxicity information has sometimes made it necessary and appropriate to deviate from using the standard UF of 10. Since its inception in January 1993 until December 1994, ATSDR's Inter-agency MRL Workgroup has derived 46 inhalation and 67 oral MRLs. When the substance-specific data permitted, the workgroup departed from the default UFs of 10 in 30 specific cases. Specific examples and rationales are presented in this paper.
美国有毒物质与疾病登记署（ATSDR）利用化学物质特定的最低风险水平（MRLs）来协助评估与接触有害物质相关的公共健康风险。在推导MRLs的过程中，会使用不确定性系数（UF）。根据当前ATSDR的方法，默认的不确定性系数10用于从最低观察到的有害效应水平（LOAEL）外推至未观察到有害效应水平（NOAEL），用于种间外推和种内变异性。然而，化学物质特定的毒性信息有时使得偏离使用标准的不确定性系数10成为必要且合适的做法。自1993年1月成立至1994年12月，ATSDR的跨部门MRL工作组已推导得出46个吸入性和67个口服性MRLs。当特定物质的数据允许时，该工作组在30个具体案例中偏离了默认的不确定性系数10。本文给出了具体示例和理由。
