Hollinger J O, Brekke J, Gruskin E, Lee D
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97201-3098, USA.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996 Mar(324):55-65. doi: 10.1097/00003086-199603000-00008.
Approximately 500 million years ago, the Paleozoic era heralded an evolutionary marvel: the skeleton. Unique to this evolutionary development was the capacity for regeneration: the physiologic renewal of embryologically derived tissue. Many of the cellular and molecular components for bone regeneration have been identified (bone morphogenetic proteins), and their therapeutic manipulation will become common clinical practice. Moreover, synthetic materials produced in the laboratory and novel bone derivatives will be used to exploit the skeleton's capacity to regenerate and repair. The concept of repair may be viewed as the restoration of form and function to deficient osseous tissue. Materials that provoke repair can be categorized broadly as bone substitutes. In this review, bone substitutes are grouped into 2 categories, polymers and ceramics, and each is subclassified as biodegradable or nonbiodegradable. Examples of these materials are provided as well as some of their liabilities and virtues.
大约5亿年前，古生代迎来了一场进化奇迹：骨骼。这种进化发展的独特之处在于再生能力，即胚胎来源组织的生理更新。许多用于骨再生的细胞和分子成分已被确定（骨形态发生蛋白），对它们的治疗性操控将成为常见的临床实践。此外，实验室生产的合成材料和新型骨衍生物将被用于利用骨骼的再生和修复能力。修复的概念可以被视为恢复有缺陷的骨组织的形态和功能。引发修复的材料大致可归类为骨替代物。在这篇综述中，骨替代物分为两类，聚合物和陶瓷，每一类又细分为可生物降解或不可生物降解的。文中提供了这些材料的例子以及它们的一些缺点和优点。
