Melnick S M, Hinshaw S P
University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1996 Apr;24(2):169-85. doi: 10.1007/BF01441483.
Twenty-seven boys diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 18 comparison boys participated in a competitive tetradic interaction task. Boys were individually interviewed before the game about their goals for the interaction, and adult observers inferred boys' social goals from videotapes of the interaction. Social acceptance was determined by combining positive and negative sociometric nominations collected through individual interviews at the end of the summer research program in which the interaction was held. In their self-reports, ADHD-high aggressive boys prioritized trouble-seeking and fun at the expense of rules to a greater extent than did both ADHD-low aggressive and comparison boys. Observers judged ADHD-high aggressive boys to seek attention more strongly and seek fairness less strongly than of the other two groups. Self-reported goals of defiance and cooperation predicted boys' end-of-program social standing, even with interactional behaviors and subgroup status controlled statistically. Observer-inferred goals were differentially associated with social acceptance for ADHD and comparison boys, suggesting discontinuities in peer interaction processes. Differentiation of goals from behavior and the integral role of children's goals in peer acceptance are discussed.
27名被诊断患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的男孩和18名对照男孩参与了一项竞争性四人互动任务。在游戏前，研究人员分别询问了男孩们的互动目标，成年观察者则从互动录像带中推断男孩们的社交目标。社交接纳度是通过在夏季研究项目结束时，结合通过个人访谈收集的正向和负向社会测量提名来确定的，该互动任务是在这个研究项目中进行的。在自我报告中，ADHD高攻击性男孩比ADHD低攻击性男孩和对照男孩更倾向于以寻求麻烦和乐趣为优先，而不顾规则。观察者判断，ADHD高攻击性男孩比其他两组更强烈地寻求关注，而寻求公平的程度更低。即使在对互动行为和亚组状态进行统计控制的情况下，自我报告的违抗和合作目标也能预测男孩在项目结束时的社会地位。观察者推断的目标与ADHD男孩和对照男孩的社交接纳度存在差异关联，这表明同伴互动过程中存在不连续性。文章还讨论了目标与行为的差异，以及儿童目标在同伴接纳中的重要作用。
