成年期和老年期元记忆的稳定性与准确性：一项纵向分析

Stability and accuracy of metamemory in adulthood and aging: a longitudinal analysis.

作者信息

McDonald-Miszczak L, Hertzog C, Hultsch D F

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

出版信息

Psychol Aging. 1995 Dec;10(4):553-64. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.10.4.553.

DOI:10.1037//0882-7974.10.4.553

PMID:8749582

Abstract

The stability and accuracy of memory perceptions in 2 longitudinal samples was examined. Sample 1 consisted of 231 adults (22-78 years) tested twice over 2 years. Sample 2 consisted of 234 adults (55-86 years) tested 3 times over 6 years. Measures of perceived and actual memory change were obtained. A primary focus was whether perceptions of memory change stem from application of an implicit theory about aging and memory or from accurate monitoring of actual changes in performance. Individual differences in metamemory were highly stable over time. Results suggested at least some accurate monitoring of memory in Sample 2, in which actual change was greatest. However the overall pattern of results is largely consistent with predictions derived from an implicit theory hypothesis.

摘要

研究了两个纵向样本中记忆感知的稳定性和准确性。样本1由231名成年人（22 - 78岁）组成，在两年内进行了两次测试。样本2由234名成年人（55 - 86岁）组成，在六年内进行了三次测试。获取了感知到的和实际的记忆变化的测量值。主要关注点是记忆变化的感知是源于对衰老和记忆的隐性理论的应用，还是源于对表现实际变化的准确监测。元记忆的个体差异随时间高度稳定。结果表明，在实际变化最大的样本2中，至少有一些对记忆的准确监测。然而，结果的总体模式在很大程度上与从隐性理论假设得出的预测一致。