Beyssac E
Biopharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1996 Apr-Jun;21(2):181-7. doi: 10.1007/BF03190268.
A wide range of administration routes can be drawn on to optimise drug absorption. Though the oral route remains the favourite one for most drugs in many disease states, other routes are routinely used. Each has its strengths and weaknesses and needs to be selected carefully with full consideration of the drug, its target and the release pattern required. Advances in pharmacology and biopharmaceutics have led to exciting developments in the ways drugs can now be administered. Optimising drug administration means finding answers to a number of questions. These questions include: what, how, when and where to deliver, and how to retain the drug long enough for it to be fully effective. These issues are linked; route of administration, drug and therapeutic systems are interrelated; thus the choice of what to deliver influences how, when and where to deliver. Various definitions of 'usual/unusual' administration routes are presented, depending on the factors that determine the fate of the active ingredients, on the delivery device, and on the therapeutic objectives to be met. The various dosage forms designed for these routes, and the administration strategies developed to achieve the desired effects are described.
可以采用多种给药途径来优化药物吸收。尽管口服途径在许多疾病状态下仍是大多数药物最常用的给药途径，但其他途径也经常被使用。每种途径都有其优缺点，需要在充分考虑药物、其靶点和所需释放模式的情况下仔细选择。药理学和生物药剂学的进展使得药物给药方式有了令人兴奋的发展。优化药物给药意味着要回答一些问题。这些问题包括：给药的药物是什么、如何给药、何时给药、在何处给药，以及如何使药物保留足够长的时间以充分发挥其疗效。这些问题是相互关联的；给药途径、药物和治疗系统相互关联；因此，给药药物的选择会影响给药方式、时间和地点。根据决定活性成分命运的因素、给药装置以及要实现的治疗目标，给出了“常用/不常用”给药途径的各种定义。描述了为这些途径设计的各种剂型以及为实现预期效果而制定的给药策略。
