Brinkmann U, Brinkmann A
Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(5):651-8.
The use of pyrethroids to impregnate mosquito nets has had a good impact on the incidence of morbidity and mortality from malaria. These nets are therefore likely to be used on a large scale as an important strategy of malaria control in the future. Published information on the cost and effectiveness of mosquito nets is presented and analysed. In two examples, from Malawi and Cameroon, the per household expenditure to purchase and use impregnated mosquito nets compares favourably with the costs of malaria. Thus, we expect that the economic losses from malaria would be reduced by 37.3% over a 3-year period in Malawi. Even if the impact of malaria on productivity is not taken into account, the introduction of nets will result in gains, as shown in Cameroon; savings of 9.3% and 11.2% in two places resulted as a consequence of a diminished need for case treatment. The role of government programmes in the promotion of bednets is indirect and concerned mainly with facilitation and the dissemination of information. Much depends on the capability of the private sector and the willingness of the target population to buy the nets for a programme to be effective. Specific studies by health economists on this subject are lacking.
使用拟除虫菊酯浸渍蚊帐对疟疾发病率和死亡率产生了良好影响。因此，这些蚊帐未来可能会被大规模用作疟疾控制的一项重要策略。本文展示并分析了已发表的关于蚊帐成本和效果的信息。在来自马拉维和喀麦隆的两个实例中，每户购买和使用浸渍蚊帐的支出与疟疾成本相比具有优势。因此，我们预计在马拉维，3年内疟疾造成的经济损失将减少37.3%。即使不考虑疟疾对生产力的影响，正如喀麦隆所显示的那样，引入蚊帐也会带来收益；由于病例治疗需求减少，在两个地方分别节省了9.3%和11.2%。政府项目在推广蚊帐方面的作用是间接的，主要涉及便利措施和信息传播。一个项目能否有效很大程度上取决于私营部门的能力以及目标人群购买蚊帐的意愿。目前缺乏卫生经济学家关于这一主题的具体研究。
