Deary I J, Blenkin H, Agius R M, Endler N S, Zealley H, Wood R
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Br J Psychol. 1996 Feb;87 ( Pt 1):3-29. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02574.x.
The antecedents and outcomes of feelings of job-related stress and personal achievement were studied in a large sample of consultant doctors working in Scotland. In a sample of 333 doctors it was found that a tendency to use emotion-oriented coping strategies and negative appraisals of organizational changes in the practice of medicine mediated the effect of the personality dimension of Neuroticism on reported job stress. Job stress levels predicted the degree of 'burnout' experienced by doctors, i.e. their tendencies to be emotionally exhausted by their work and to dehumanize patients. Higher clinical workloads were related to higher levels of stress but also to higher feelings of personal achievement. A substantial proportion of the variance in many of the variables in the stress model was accounted for by a general tendency to experience negative emotions, closely related to Neuroticism; this general factor appeared to be similar to the recently formulated concepts of 'negative affectivity' and 'somatopsychic distress'. The personality factors of Extraversion and Conscientiousness both contributed to positive feelings of personal achievement (N = 344); the effect of Extraversion was direct, whereas the effect of Conscientiousness was mediated by a tendency to use task-oriented coping strategies. Models of the processes of stress and personal achievement were tested for acceptability using the EQS Structural Equations Program. The implications of the models for transactional theories of stress are discussed.
在苏格兰工作的大量顾问医生样本中，研究了与工作相关的压力感和个人成就感的前因和后果。在一个333名医生的样本中发现，在医疗实践中倾向于使用以情绪为导向的应对策略以及对组织变革的负面评价，介导了神经质人格维度对报告的工作压力的影响。工作压力水平预测了医生所经历的“职业倦怠”程度，即他们因工作而情绪耗尽以及对患者冷漠的倾向。更高的临床工作量与更高的压力水平相关，但也与更高的个人成就感相关。压力模型中许多变量的很大一部分方差是由与神经质密切相关的体验负面情绪的一般倾向所解释的；这个一般因素似乎类似于最近提出的“负面情感性”和“身心困扰”概念。外向性和尽责性这两个人格因素都有助于产生积极的个人成就感（N = 344）；外向性的影响是直接的，而尽责性的影响是通过使用以任务为导向的应对策略的倾向来介导的。使用EQS结构方程程序测试了压力和个人成就过程模型的可接受性。讨论了这些模型对压力交易理论的影响。
