Hall J, West R
Psychology Department, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London University, UK.
Ergonomics. 1996 Apr;39(4):693-706. doi: 10.1080/00140139608964490.
Learning to drive a motor vehicle is important for the mobility of the majority of people in industrialized countries. Although a great deal is known about the acquisition of psychomotor skills in the laboratory and in some other practical settings, there has been little scientific study of learning to drive. One major practical question concerns the value of formal tuition with a qualified instructor and informal practice with friends or relatives. This paper reports a cross-sectional study of 805 learner drivers in the UK who had undergone at least 5 h of formal tuition to examine associations between their history of formal tuition and practice and current levels of skill and confidence as assessed by both pupils and their instructors. The results indicated an increase in instructor ratings of pupil skill with both increasing practice and tuition. However, the relationship between tuition and instructor-rated skill was only observed in pupils who had had no practice. Pupils' self-confidence did not increase with either tuition or practice; instructors' feelings of confidence in and safety with the pupil increased with pupils' prior hours of practice but not tuition. Instructors' ratings of the likelihood that pupils would pass the driving test first time were positively associated with prior hours of practice and negatively associated with prior formal tuition. The results suggest that informal practice constitutes an important element of the process of learning to drive. Longitudinal and experimental studies are now required to confirm this finding and to establish whether recommendations should be made for a component of driving tuition involving supervised practice.
对于工业化国家的大多数人来说，学习驾驶机动车辆对其出行至关重要。尽管在实验室和其他一些实际场景中，我们对心理运动技能的习得已经有了很多了解，但对于学习驾驶的科学研究却很少。一个主要的实际问题涉及由合格教练进行的正规培训以及与朋友或亲戚进行的非正规练习的价值。本文报告了一项对英国805名学习驾驶者的横断面研究，这些学习者至少接受了5小时的正规培训，以检验他们的正规培训和练习经历与当前技能水平和信心水平之间的关联，这些技能水平和信心水平由学员及其教练进行评估。结果表明，随着练习和培训的增加，教练对学员技能的评分也有所提高。然而，培训与教练评定的技能之间的关系仅在没有练习过的学员中观察到。学员的自信心并没有随着培训或练习而增加；教练对学员的信心和安全感随着学员之前的练习时长而增加，但与培训无关。教练对学员首次通过驾驶考试可能性的评分与之前的练习时长呈正相关，与之前的正规培训呈负相关。结果表明，非正规练习是学习驾驶过程中的一个重要因素。现在需要进行纵向和实验研究来证实这一发现，并确定是否应该对包含监督练习的驾驶培训部分提出建议。
