Maruyama S, Morimoto K
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1996 Oct;22(5):353-9. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.153.
In accordance with international coordination of labor conditions a Japanese campaign advocating less work finally got under way recently in the form of work-reducing policies of the government to prevent occupational and stress-related diseases. However, long workhours among intermediate managers, who are key persons in most organizations in Japanese industry, are still considered to be prevalent. This study was conducted to examine the workhours of intermediate managers and clarify the effects of long workhours on the life-style, subjective stress, and subjective quality of life among them.
Questionnaires were administered concerning workhours, life-styles, subjective stress, and subjective quality of life to 3870 heads of a division or a section and 2666 foremen in 110 firms in Japan.
The prevalence of > or = 10 workhours was 69.7% for the divisional or sectional heads and 53.2% for the foremen. Long workhours had significant effects on the managers' life-style, such as sleeping pattern and regularity of daily life and meals. The divisional or sectional managers with long workhours perceived higher stress [odds ratio (OR) 2.51, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.17-2.90] and lower quality of life (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.36) than those who worked relatively short hours. The foremen with long workhours perceived higher stress (OR 2.35, 95% CI 2.01-2.75) and lower quality of life (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08-1.46) than those who worked relatively short hours.
Long workhours may be associated with poorer life-style, higher stress, and lower quality of life among managers at the intermediate level.
为配合国际劳动条件协调工作，日本近期以政府的减工政策形式开展了一场倡导减少工作的运动，以预防职业性疾病和与压力相关的疾病。然而，在日本企业大多数组织中作为关键人物的中层管理人员长时间工作的现象仍被认为普遍存在。本研究旨在调查中层管理人员的工作时长，并阐明长时间工作对他们生活方式、主观压力和主观生活质量的影响。
对日本110家公司的3870名部门主管和2666名工长进行了关于工作时长、生活方式、主观压力和主观生活质量的问卷调查。
部门或科室主管中工作时长≥10小时的比例为69.7%，工长中这一比例为53.2%。长时间工作对管理人员的生活方式有显著影响，如睡眠模式以及日常生活和饮食的规律性。与工作时长相对较短的管理人员相比，长时间工作的部门或科室主管感受到更高的压力（优势比[OR]为2.51，95%置信区间[95%CI]为2.17 - 2.90）和更低的生活质量（OR为1.17，95%CI为1.02 - 1.36）。与工作时长相对较短的工长相比，长时间工作的工长感受到更高的压力（OR为2.35，95%CI为2.01 - 2.75）和更低的生活质量（OR为1.26，95%CI为1.08 - 1.46）。
长时间工作可能与中层管理人员较差的生活方式、更高的压力和更低的生活质量相关。
