Logan J R, Alba R D, McNulty T, Fisher B
Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Albany 12222, USA.
Demography. 1996 Nov;33(4):443-53.
What accounts for the differences in the kinds of communities within the metropolis in which members of different racial and ethnic groups live? Do socioeconomic advancement and acculturation provide greater integration with whites or access to more desirable locations for minority-group members? Are these effects the same for Asians or Hispanics as for blacks? Does suburbanization offer a step toward greater equality in the housing market, or do minorities find greater discrimination in the suburban housing market? Data from 1980 for five large metropolitan regions are used to estimate "locational-attainment models," which evaluate the effects of group members' individual attributes on two measures of the character of their living environment: the socioeconomic standing (median household income) and racial composition (proportion non-Hispanic white) of the census tract where they reside. Separate models predict these outcomes for whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. Net of the effects of individuals' background characteristics, whites live in census tracts with the highest average proportion of white residents and the highest median household income. They are followed by Asians and Hispanics, and-at substantially lower levels-blacks. Large overall differences exist between city and suburban locations; yet the gap between whites and others is consistently lower in the suburbs than in the cities of these five metropolitan regions.
是什么导致了大都市中不同种族和族裔群体成员所居住社区类型的差异？社会经济进步和文化适应是否能让少数族裔成员与白人更好地融合，或者获得更理想的居住地点？这些影响对亚裔或西班牙裔来说与对黑人来说是一样的吗？郊区化是否朝着住房市场更大的平等迈出了一步，还是少数族裔在郊区住房市场中面临更大的歧视？利用1980年五个大型都市区的数据来估计“区位成就模型”，该模型评估群体成员的个人属性对其居住环境特征的两个衡量指标的影响：他们居住的普查区的社会经济地位（家庭收入中位数）和种族构成（非西班牙裔白人的比例）。分别建立模型来预测白人、黑人、西班牙裔和亚裔的这些结果。在扣除个人背景特征的影响后，白人居住在白人居民平均比例最高且家庭收入中位数最高的普查区。其次是亚裔和西班牙裔，而黑人的水平则低得多。城市和郊区的整体差异很大；然而，在这五个都市区中，郊区白人与其他种族之间的差距始终低于城市。
