Noakes M, Clifton P M, Nestel P J, Le Leu R, McIntosh G
CSIRO Division of Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Dec;64(6):944-51. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/64.6.944.
We compared the effects of a diet in which approximately 25% of the carbohydrate was replaced by high-amylose starch with those of a similar diet high in oat bran or low-amylose starch in 23 hypertriglyceridemic subjects who were overweight mostly because of abdominal adiposity. Each diet was consumed for 4 wk in random order and in a crossover fashion. Overall, the diets were high in carbohydrate (> 55% of energy) and low in fat (< 30% of energy); the amount of resistant starch in the foods containing high-amylose starch was 17 g in women and 25 g in men. The metabolic effects of specific starches on plasma lipids, fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin profiles, and bowel function were assessed at the end of each intervention. Plasma triacylglycerols (triglycerides) were significantly lower after the oat bran diet than after the other two diets (P < 0.02). No other effects on fasting plasma lipids, glucose, or insulin were noted. However, when the high-amylose starch comprised 33% of the carbohydrate content in a test meal, there was a significant but biologically small reduction in the overall postprandial plasma insulin concentration by 17% relative to the low-amylose diet (P < 0.01). Both the oat bran and the high-amylose diet resulted in an increased frequency of bowel actions and lower fecal pH (P < 0.02) relative to the low-amylose diet. However, unlike the oat bran diet, the high-amylose diet increased short-chain fatty acid concentrations in fecal water by 32% (P < 0.001).
我们比较了一种饮食（其中约25%的碳水化合物被高直链淀粉取代）与类似的富含燕麦麸或低直链淀粉的饮食对23名高甘油三酯血症受试者的影响，这些受试者超重主要是因为腹部肥胖。每种饮食以随机顺序和交叉方式食用4周。总体而言，这些饮食碳水化合物含量高（>能量的55%）且脂肪含量低（<能量的30%）；含高直链淀粉的食物中抗性淀粉的量，女性为17克，男性为25克。在每次干预结束时，评估特定淀粉对血浆脂质、空腹和餐后血糖及胰岛素水平以及肠道功能的代谢影响。燕麦麸饮食后血浆三酰甘油（甘油三酯）显著低于其他两种饮食（P<0.02）。未观察到对空腹血浆脂质、葡萄糖或胰岛素的其他影响。然而，当高直链淀粉在测试餐的碳水化合物含量中占33%时，与低直链淀粉饮食相比，餐后血浆胰岛素总浓度有显著但生物学上较小的降低，降低了17%（P<0.01）。相对于低直链淀粉饮食，燕麦麸和高直链淀粉饮食均导致排便频率增加和粪便pH值降低（P<0.02）。然而，与燕麦麸饮食不同，高直链淀粉饮食使粪便水中短链脂肪酸浓度增加了32%（P<0.001）。
