Augustine J R
Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia 29208, USA.
Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1996 Oct;22(3):229-44. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0173(96)00011-2.
The progress made in understanding the insula in the decade following an earlier review (Augustine, Neurol. Res., 7 (1985) 2-10) is examined in this review. In these ten years, connections have been described between the insula and the orbital cortex, frontal operculum, lateral premotor cortex, ventral granular cortex, and medial area 6 in the frontal lobe. Insular connections between the second somatosensory area and retroinsular area of the parietal lobe have been documented. The insula was found to connect with the temporal pole and the superior temporal sulcus of the temporal lobe. It has an abundance of local intrainsular connections and projections to subdivisions of the cingulate gyrus. The insula has connections with the lateral, lateral basal, central, cortical and medial amygdaloid nuclei. It also connects with nonamygdaloid areas such as the perirhinal cortex, entorhinal, and periamygdaloid cortex. The thalamic taste area, the parvicellular part of the ventral posteromedial nucleus, projects fibers to the ipsilateral insular-opercular cortex. In the past decade, confirmation has been given to the insula as a visceral sensory area, visceral motor area, motor association area, vestibular area, and language area. Recent studies have expanded the role of the insula as a somatosensory area, emphasizing its multifaceted, sensory role. The idea of the insula as limbic integration cortex has been affirmed and its role in Alzheimer's disease suggested.
本综述考察了在早期综述（奥古斯丁，《神经学研究》，7（1985年）2 - 10）之后十年间在岛叶研究方面取得的进展。在这十年里，已描述了岛叶与眶额皮质、额盖、外侧运动前皮质、腹侧颗粒皮质以及额叶内侧6区之间的联系。岛叶与顶叶第二体感区和岛后区之间的联系也有文献记载。发现岛叶与颞叶极和颞上沟相连。它有丰富的岛叶内部局部联系以及与扣带回各亚区的投射。岛叶与外侧杏仁核、外侧基底杏仁核、中央杏仁核、皮质杏仁核和内侧杏仁核核团相连。它还与非杏仁核区域如嗅周皮质、内嗅皮质和杏仁周皮质相连。丘脑味觉区，即腹后内侧核的小细胞部，将纤维投射到同侧岛盖皮质。在过去十年中，岛叶作为内脏感觉区、内脏运动区、运动联合区、前庭区和语言区已得到证实。最近的研究扩展了岛叶作为体感区的作用，强调了其多方面的感觉作用。岛叶作为边缘整合皮质的观点已得到肯定，并提出了其在阿尔茨海默病中的作用。
