Augustine J R
Neurol Res. 1985 Mar;7(1):2-10. doi: 10.1080/01616412.1985.11739692.
The insular lobe reaches its greatest extent and morphologic differentiation in primates culminating in humans. It consists of four to six gyri that appear like a fan covered by the frontal, parietal, and temporal opercula. The human insula has three cytoarchitectonic subdivisions that are similar to those described for the rhesus macaque. Recent studies have addressed the myelo- and chemoarchitectonics of the primate insula. With the aid of a variety of methods investigators have demonstrated that the insular lobe has connections with: (1) portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes as well as of the cingulate gyrus, (2) the basal nuclei especially the tail of the caudate, putamen, and claustrum, (3) the amygdaloid body and other limbic constitutents, and (4) the dorsal thalamus. Experimental studies coupled with observations in humans provide the basis for a number of suggestions regarding the functional aspects of the insular lobe. The insula may play a role as a: (1) visceral sensory area, (2) visceral motor area, (3) supplementary motor area, (4) vestibular area, and (5) an area related to certain aspects of speech and/or language. While the broad concept of the insula has been outlined, the elucidation of its connections and functions remains to be completed by future researchers.
脑岛叶在灵长类动物中达到最大范围和形态分化，并在人类中达到顶峰。它由四到六个脑回组成，看起来像一把被额、顶、颞盖覆盖的扇子。人类脑岛有三个细胞构筑分区，与恒河猴的类似。最近的研究探讨了灵长类动物脑岛的髓鞘和化学构筑。借助各种方法，研究人员已经证明脑岛叶与以下部分有联系：(1)额叶、顶叶和颞叶的部分以及扣带回，(2)基底核，特别是尾状核尾部、壳核和屏状核，(3)杏仁体和其他边缘成分，以及(4)背侧丘脑。实验研究以及对人类的观察为关于脑岛叶功能方面的一些建议提供了基础。脑岛可能起到以下作用：(1)内脏感觉区，(2)内脏运动区，(3)辅助运动区，(4)前庭区，以及(5)与言语和/或语言某些方面相关的区域。虽然脑岛的大致概念已经勾勒出来，但其连接和功能的阐明仍有待未来研究人员完成。
