Owens D A, Sivak M
Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604-3003, USA.
Hum Factors. 1996 Dec;38(4):680-9. doi: 10.1518/001872096778827233.
Elevated road fatality rates at night involve multiple variables, each of which contributes to an unknown degree. In order to determine the relative contributions of reduced visibility and drivers' consumption of alcohol, we performed two quasi-experiments analyzing data recorded by the U.S. Fatal Accident Reporting System from 1980 through 1990. The results confirmed that both variables play a major role in nighttime road fatalities and revealed new evidence that they contribute differentially to two classes of fatal collisions: Degraded visibility in low illumination is associated primarily with collisions involving pedestrians and pedalcyclists, whereas drivers' consumption of alcohol plays a larger role in other fatal collisions.
夜间道路死亡率升高涉及多个变量，每个变量的作用程度都不明确。为了确定能见度降低和司机饮酒的相对影响，我们进行了两项准实验，分析了美国致命事故报告系统1980年至1990年记录的数据。结果证实，这两个变量在夜间道路死亡事故中都起着主要作用，并揭示了新的证据，表明它们对两类致命碰撞的影响有所不同：低光照条件下能见度降低主要与涉及行人及骑自行车者的碰撞有关，而司机饮酒在其他致命碰撞中起的作用更大。
