Grube J W, Voas R B
Prevention Research Center, Berkely, CA 94704, USA.
Addiction. 1996 Dec;91(12):1843-57. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.911218438.x.
A social-psychological model of underage drinking and driving (DUI) and riding with drinking drivers (RWDD) was tested with data from a random digit dial telephone survey of 706 16-20-year-old drivers from seven western states in the United States. Consistent with the model, a structural equations analysis indicated that DUI and RWDD were primarily predicted by (a) expectancies regarding the physical risks of DUI, (b) normative beliefs about the extent to which friends would disapprove of DUI, (c) control beliefs about the ease or difficulty of avoiding DUI and RWDD and (d) drinking. Expectancies concerning enforcement had a significant effect on RWDD, but not on DUI. Among the background and environmental variables included in the analysis, only night-time driving and age had significant direct effects on DUI and RWDD. Drinking and involvement in risky driving had indirect effects on DUI and RWDD that were mediated through expectancies and normative beliefs. Males, European Americans, Latinos, respondents who drove more frequently and respondents who were less educated held beliefs that were more favorable toward DUI and RWDD, drank more and engaged more frequently in risky driving. As a result, such individuals may be at greater risk for DUI and RWDD.
利用对美国西部七个州706名16至20岁驾驶员进行随机数字拨号电话调查的数据，对未成年人酒后驾车（DUI）以及乘坐酒驾司机车辆（RWDD）的社会心理模型进行了测试。与该模型一致，结构方程分析表明，酒后驾车和乘坐酒驾司机车辆主要由以下因素预测：（a）对酒后驾车身体风险的预期；（b）关于朋友对酒后驾车不赞成程度的规范信念；（c）关于避免酒后驾车和乘坐酒驾司机车辆的难易程度的控制信念；以及（d）饮酒情况。关于执法的预期对乘坐酒驾司机车辆有显著影响，但对酒后驾车没有影响。在分析中纳入的背景和环境变量中，只有夜间驾驶和年龄对酒后驾车和乘坐酒驾司机车辆有显著的直接影响。饮酒和参与危险驾驶对酒后驾车和乘坐酒驾司机车辆有间接影响，这些影响通过预期和规范信念介导。男性、欧裔美国人、拉丁裔、驾驶频率较高的受访者以及受教育程度较低的受访者对酒后驾车和乘坐酒驾司机车辆持更支持的信念，饮酒更多，参与危险驾驶也更频繁。因此，这类人可能面临更高的酒后驾车和乘坐酒驾司机车辆风险。
