Boronat C B, Logan G D
Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61820, USA.
Mem Cognit. 1997 Jan;25(1):36-46. doi: 10.3758/bf03197283.
In this research, we investigated whether attention operates in the encoding of automatized information, the retrieval of automatized information, or in both cases. Subjects searched two-word displays for members of a target category in focused-attention or divided-attention conditions that were crossed with block (training vs. transfer). To see whether subjects encoded all available items or only attended items, we compared performance for subjects in different training conditions but in the same transfer condition. Subjects encoded attended items. To see whether subjects retrieved all the items they had in memory, or only items associated with that to which they were attending at retrieval, we compared performance for subjects in the same training conditions but in different transfer conditions. Subjects retrieved attended items. Attention was found to operate at both encoding and retrieval. These findings support the instance theory of automaticity, which predicts the role of attention at encoding and retrieval.
在本研究中，我们探究了注意力是在自动化信息的编码过程中起作用，还是在自动化信息的检索过程中起作用，亦或是在这两种情况下都起作用。在与组块（训练与迁移）交叉的集中注意力或分散注意力条件下，受试者在双词显示中搜索目标类别的成员。为了了解受试者是对所有可用项目进行编码还是仅对注意到的项目进行编码，我们比较了处于不同训练条件但相同迁移条件下的受试者的表现。受试者对注意到的项目进行了编码。为了了解受试者是检索了他们记忆中的所有项目，还是仅检索了与他们在检索时所注意的项目相关的项目，我们比较了处于相同训练条件但不同迁移条件下的受试者的表现。受试者检索了注意到的项目。研究发现注意力在编码和检索过程中均起作用。这些发现支持了自动化的实例理论，该理论预测了注意力在编码和检索中的作用。
