Kishi R, Eguchi T, Maeda N, Miyake H, Sasatani H
Sapporo Medical University, Department of Public Health.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1996 Dec;43(12):1009-23.
To analyze the different features of health status, social support and networks of elderly people by age groups, a survey was performed of the social environment and health related issues among residents aged 69-74 and 75-80, the so called old-old, in Takasu, a small farming town in Hokkaido. The results were as follows: 1. The percentage of elderly having some of the symptoms related to dementia, lower scores of ADL, and poorer conditions of eye sight or hearing were significantly higher among the elderly aged 75-80 compared to those aged 69-74. The prevalence of diseases, such as senile cataracts in both sexes, and heart diseases in men were also higher among those aged 75 and over. 2. Although there were no differences in the mean number of hospital admissions or in the percentage of those having been sick in bed for more than 1 week during the previous one year, both the mean number of out-patient visits and percentage having a family physician were significantly higher in the elderly over 75 than under. Deterioration of IADL were prominent in the item on being able to go far away by themselves. 3. Almost 70% of the elderly participated in community-based social activities in Takasu. There were only small differences in social support and network among the different categories of family structure of the elderly. However women over 75 had statistically significantly lower number of the social supports compared to the younger age groups. A significantly smaller percentage of people was able to obtain the emotional or care support from their spouse for in elderly over 75 than for elderly under 75. 4. The results of this study suggest the need to provide more social support and networks for the old-old over 75 years old who tend to have more diseases and to be in poorer health condition, both physically or mentally than younger old.
为了按年龄组分析老年人健康状况、社会支持和社交网络的不同特征，对北海道一个小农业城镇高须市69 - 74岁和75 - 80岁的所谓高龄老年人的社会环境和健康相关问题进行了一项调查。结果如下：1. 与69 - 74岁的老年人相比，75 - 80岁的老年人中出现一些与痴呆相关症状、日常生活活动能力得分较低以及视力或听力状况较差的比例显著更高。75岁及以上人群中，诸如两性老年性白内障和男性心脏病等疾病的患病率也更高。2. 尽管在前一年住院次数的平均数或卧床超过1周的患病者比例没有差异，但75岁以上老年人的门诊就诊次数平均数和拥有家庭医生的比例均显著高于75岁以下的老年人。在能够独自远行这一项目上，工具性日常生活活动能力的恶化较为突出。3. 高须市近70%的老年人参与了社区社会活动。老年人不同家庭结构类别之间的社会支持和社交网络仅有微小差异。然而，75岁以上的女性在统计上的社会支持数量显著低于较年轻年龄组。75岁以上老年人从配偶那里获得情感或护理支持的比例明显低于75岁以下的老年人。4. 本研究结果表明，有必要为75岁以上的高龄老年人提供更多社会支持和社交网络，他们往往比年轻老年人患有更多疾病，身体或精神健康状况更差。
