LeCompte D C, Shaibe D M
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803-5501, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 1997 Feb;50(1):100-18. doi: 10.1080/713755679.
Irrelevant background speech disrupts immediate recall of visually presented items. Salamé and Baddeley (1982) found that increasing the phonological similarity between the irrelevant speech and the visual items greatly increased this disruption. In contrast, Jones and Macken (1995) found little evidence for such an increase. The present experiments directly manipulated the phonological similarity of the irrelevant speech background and the to-be-remembered visual items. Experiments 1-4 compared background speech that shared virtually no phonemes with the visual stimuli with background speech that shared all of the phonemes of the visual stimuli. No effect of phonological similarity was found. Experiment 5 replicated the method of Salamé and Baddeley's critical experiment but not their results. With regard to the two primary explanations of the irrelevant speech effect, these data present a strong challenge to the phonological store hypothesis while offering some support to the changing state hypothesis.
无关的背景语音会干扰对视觉呈现项目的即时回忆。萨拉梅和巴德利（1982年）发现，增加无关语音与视觉项目之间的语音相似性会大大加剧这种干扰。相比之下，琼斯和麦肯（1995年）几乎没有发现这种增加的证据。本实验直接操纵了无关语音背景与待记忆视觉项目的语音相似性。实验1至4将与视觉刺激几乎没有音素相同的背景语音与与视觉刺激所有音素都相同的背景语音进行了比较。未发现语音相似性的影响。实验5重复了萨拉梅和巴德利关键实验的方法，但未得到他们的结果。关于无关语音效应的两种主要解释，这些数据对语音存储假说提出了强有力的挑战，同时为变化状态假说提供了一些支持。
