Quarantelli E L
Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware, Netwark 19716, USA.
Disasters. 1997 Mar;21(1):39-56. doi: 10.1111/1467-7717.00043.
The discussion herein concerns important factors in the local management of disasters. We contrast this with the related but distinct process of disaster planning. Our assumption is that what is crucial is not management per se, but good management. Thus, to assess intelligently the management of community disasters requires an answer to the question: What is good management? The results of empirical research carried out by social scientists over the past 40 years are drawn upon in considering this question. The criteria identified entail: (1) correctly recognising differences between response and agent-generated demands; (2) adequately carrying out generic functions; (3) effectively mobilising personnel and resources; (4) generating an appropriate delegation of tasks and division of labour; (5) adequately processing information; (6) properly exercising decision-making; (7) developing overall coordination; (8) blending emergent and established organisational behaviours; (9) providing appropriate reports for the news media; and (10) having a well-functioning emergency operations centre. An issue also raised in the paper is how applicable these research findings-derived mostly from developed countries-are to the developing world.
本文讨论的是灾害本地管理中的重要因素。我们将其与相关但不同的灾害规划过程进行对比。我们的假设是，关键的不是管理本身，而是良好的管理。因此，要明智地评估社区灾害管理，就需要回答一个问题：什么是良好的管理？在思考这个问题时，借鉴了社会科学家在过去40年里进行的实证研究结果。确定的标准包括：（1）正确认识应对需求和主体产生的需求之间的差异；（2）充分履行一般职能；（3）有效调动人员和资源；（4）进行适当的任务分配和劳动分工；（5）充分处理信息；（6）正确行使决策权；（7）建立全面协调；（8）融合新兴的和既定的组织行为；（9）为新闻媒体提供适当的报告；（10）拥有一个运作良好的应急行动中心。本文还提出了一个问题，即这些主要来自发达国家的研究结果对发展中世界的适用性如何。
