Oliveria S A, Lee I M
Strang Cancer Prevention Center, New York, New York, USA.
Sports Med. 1997 May;23(5):271-8. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199723050-00001.
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Exercise has been studied as an alterable risk factor that may reduce the incidence, morbidity and mortality due to this cancer. Epidemiological studies play an important role in assessing the relationship between physical activity and prostate cancer. Studies have attempted to estimate physical activity level by measuring time spent in sports, leisure or occupational activity. We identified 17 studies that assessed the effect of exercise on the development of prostate cancer. Although methodological limitations could be identified in most of the studies, 9 suggested that exercise may be beneficial in decreasing prostate cancer risk, while 5 were null providing no conclusive evidence and 3 actually showed an increased risk of prostate cancer with increased physical activity. The bulk of the evidence at this time does not seem to support an overwhelmingly beneficial effect of exercise on prostate cancer risk. Future studies need to investigate the frequency, intensity and duration of physical activity as well as the type of activity and period during a man's lifetime when exercise might be beneficial. It is reasonable to conclude that exercise may be a potential factor that can be modified to prevent prostate cancer and it seems prudent to recommend that all men become physically active.
前列腺癌是男性中最常被诊断出的癌症。运动已被作为一种可改变的风险因素进行研究，它可能会降低这种癌症的发病率、发病率和死亡率。流行病学研究在评估体育活动与前列腺癌之间的关系中起着重要作用。研究试图通过测量在运动、休闲或职业活动中花费的时间来估计身体活动水平。我们确定了17项评估运动对前列腺癌发生影响的研究。尽管在大多数研究中都能发现方法学上的局限性，但9项研究表明运动可能有助于降低前列腺癌风险，5项研究结果为阴性，没有提供确凿证据，3项研究实际上表明随着身体活动增加，患前列腺癌的风险也增加。目前的大量证据似乎并不支持运动对前列腺癌风险有压倒性的有益影响。未来的研究需要调查身体活动的频率、强度和持续时间，以及运动可能有益的活动类型和男性一生中的时间段。可以合理地得出结论，运动可能是一个可以改变的预防前列腺癌的潜在因素，建议所有男性进行体育活动似乎是谨慎的做法。
