Oliveria S A, Christos P J
Strang Cancer Prevention Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 Dec 29;833:79-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48595.x.
Experimental studies in animals and epidemiological studies in human populations support an inverse association between exercise and the development of cancer. Physical activity has been shown to be protective against the development of breast and colon cancer and may also be important for other kinds of cancer such as that of the prostate. The proposed biological mechanisms for the physical activity--cancer association include exercise's effect on immune function, transit time of digestion, hormones, and body fat. There has been little research on physical activity and the effect on progression of cancer, although there are studies to suggest that it may slow the clinical course of the disease. Furthermore, exercise may be beneficial in the treatment of cancer through mood elevation, decreased loss of lean tissue, and increased quality of life. Much is still to be learned about the effect of exercise on cancer. The intensity, duration, frequency, and type of exercise that is relevant need to be clarified. As well, the time period during life when exercise is important has not been determined. It seems reasonable to conclude that exercise, a modifiable risk factor, is beneficial in preventing certain forms of cancer. Public health interventions may hold promise for cancer prevention.
动物实验研究和人群流行病学研究均支持运动与癌症发生之间存在负相关关系。体育活动已被证明对预防乳腺癌和结肠癌具有保护作用，对前列腺癌等其他类型的癌症可能也很重要。体育活动与癌症之间关联的生物学机制包括运动对免疫功能、消化转运时间、激素和体脂的影响。关于体育活动及其对癌症进展的影响，目前研究较少，不过有研究表明运动可能会减缓疾病的临床进程。此外，运动可能通过改善情绪、减少瘦组织流失和提高生活质量，对癌症治疗有益。关于运动对癌症的影响，仍有许多有待了解之处。相关运动的强度、持续时间、频率和类型需要明确。同样，一生中运动至关重要的时间段尚未确定。得出运动作为一个可改变的风险因素对预防某些癌症有益这一结论似乎是合理的。公共卫生干预措施在癌症预防方面可能大有可为。
