Whittall J T, Parkhouse R M
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Surrey, UK.
Immunology. 1997 Jul;91(3):444-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00272.x.
Cytokines produced by cells of the immune system, including macrophages, can influence inflammatory responses to viral infection. This has been exploited by viruses, which have developed strategies to direct the immune response towards ineffective responses. African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects macrophages of domestic swine. In this study, primary cells of monocyte macrophage lineage were obtained from the lungs, peritoneum or blood of domestic swine and, after infection with ASFV, supernatants were tested for cytokines using biological assays. The cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) was detected after infection of macrophage preparations, but tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) were not detected. ASFV-infected and uninfected macrophage populations were also tested to assess their ability to respond to cytokines by enhancing production of superoxide in the respiratory burst mechanism. Responses to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were suppressed in macrophage populations infected with virus, even at low multiplicities of infection. Addition of TGF-beta to uninfected macrophages resulted in a similar suppression of response, but antibody to TGF-beta did not prevent suppression induced by virus. These results are discussed in relation to the pathology of African swine fever.
包括巨噬细胞在内的免疫系统细胞产生的细胞因子可影响对病毒感染的炎症反应。病毒利用了这一点，它们已开发出将免疫反应导向无效反应的策略。非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）是一种双链DNA病毒，可感染家猪的巨噬细胞。在本研究中，从家猪的肺、腹膜或血液中获取单核巨噬细胞系的原代细胞，用ASFV感染后，使用生物学检测方法检测上清液中的细胞因子。巨噬细胞制剂感染后检测到细胞因子转化生长因子-β（TGF-β），但未检测到肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和白细胞介素-1（IL-1）。还对感染ASFV和未感染的巨噬细胞群体进行了测试，以评估它们通过增强呼吸爆发机制中超氧化物的产生来对细胞因子作出反应的能力。即使在低感染复数下，感染病毒的巨噬细胞群体对干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和脂多糖（LPS）的反应也受到抑制。向未感染的巨噬细胞中添加TGF-β会导致类似的反应抑制，但TGF-β抗体并不能阻止病毒诱导的抑制作用。结合非洲猪瘟的病理学对这些结果进行了讨论。
