Tynjälä J, Kannas L, Levälahti E
University of Jyväskylä, Department of Health Sciences, Finland.
J Sleep Res. 1997 Sep;6(3):189-98. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2869.1997.00048.x.
This study investigated the variation in perceived tiredness among 11, 13 and 15-year-old Finnish adolescents (n = 4187). Additionally interrelationships between sleep habits, use of psychoactive substances (alcohol, tobacco and coffee) and perceived tiredness among 15-year-olds were examined. This study is part of an international, WHO-coordinated survey of school children's health and lifestyle (the HBSC Study). In Finland, research data represented the whole country. The data were collected in March-May 1994. Pupils responded anonymously to a standardized questionnaire during a class period. Subjective tiredness was very common and increased with age among adolescents. Perceived tiredness on at least four school mornings a week increased from 24 to 35% among boys and from 16 to 34% among girls. Feeling tired more often than once a week increased from 20 to 37% in girls and from 24 to 50% in boys. Structural equation models showed that interrelationships between three factors--sleep habits, use of psychoactive substances and perceived tiredness--were statistically significant. For these three factors the two remaining factors explained 24% of the variance of perceived tiredness among boys and 20% among girls, and the two remaining factors explained 42% (16%) of the variation in sleep habits. For the variance of the use of psychoactive substances sleep habits and perceived tiredness explained 26% (12%). Subjective tiredness is strongly age related; this together with the use of psychoactive substances and sleep habits regulate adolescents' daily life and well-being.
本研究调查了11岁、13岁和15岁芬兰青少年（n = 4187）中感知疲劳的差异。此外，还研究了15岁青少年的睡眠习惯、精神活性物质（酒精、烟草和咖啡）的使用与感知疲劳之间的相互关系。本研究是世界卫生组织协调的一项关于学童健康与生活方式的国际调查（健康行为与学校卫生调查）的一部分。在芬兰，研究数据代表了整个国家。数据于1994年3月至5月收集。学生们在课堂上对一份标准化问卷进行匿名作答。主观疲劳在青少年中非常普遍，且随年龄增长而增加。每周至少有四个上学日感到疲劳的情况在男孩中从24%增至35%，在女孩中从16%增至34%。每周感到疲劳不止一次的情况在女孩中从20%增至37%，在男孩中从24%增至50%。结构方程模型显示，睡眠习惯、精神活性物质的使用和感知疲劳这三个因素之间的相互关系具有统计学意义。对于这三个因素，另外两个因素解释了男孩感知疲劳方差的24%和女孩的20%，另外两个因素解释了睡眠习惯变化的42%（16%）。对于精神活性物质使用的方差，睡眠习惯和感知疲劳解释了26%（12%）。主观疲劳与年龄密切相关；这与精神活性物质的使用和睡眠习惯共同调节着青少年的日常生活和幸福感。
