Galinier A, Kravanja M, Engelmann R, Hengstenberg W, Kilhoffer M C, Deutscher J, Haiech J
Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Unité Propre de Recherche 412, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Feb 17;95(4):1823-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.4.1823.
Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is the prototype of a signal transduction mechanism. In enteric bacteria, cAMP was considered to be the second messenger in CCR by playing a role reminiscent of its actions in eukaryotic cells. However, recent results suggest that CCR in Escherichia coli is mediated mainly by an inducer exclusion mechanism. In many Gram-positive bacteria, CCR is triggered by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, which activates HPr kinase, presumed to be one of the most ancient serine protein kinases. We here report cloning of the Bacillus subtilis hprK and hprP genes and characterization of the encoded HPr kinase and P-Ser-HPr phosphatase. P-Ser-HPr phosphatase forms a new family of phosphatases together with bacterial phosphoglycolate phosphatase, yeast glycerol-3-phosphatase, and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase whereas HPr kinase represents a new family of protein kinases on its own. It does not contain the domain structure typical for eukaryotic protein kinases. Although up to now the HPr modifying/demodifying enzymes were thought to exist only in Gram-positive bacteria, a sequence comparison revealed that they also are present in several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.
碳分解代谢物阻遏（CCR）是一种信号转导机制的原型。在肠道细菌中，cAMP被认为是CCR中的第二信使，其作用类似于在真核细胞中的作用。然而，最近的结果表明，大肠杆菌中的CCR主要由诱导物排除机制介导。在许多革兰氏阳性细菌中，CCR由果糖-1,6-二磷酸触发，它激活HPr激酶，推测这是最古老的丝氨酸蛋白激酶之一。我们在此报告枯草芽孢杆菌hprK和hprP基因的克隆以及所编码的HPr激酶和磷酸化丝氨酸-HPr磷酸酶的特性。磷酸化丝氨酸-HPr磷酸酶与细菌磷酸乙醇酸磷酸酶、酵母甘油-3-磷酸酶和2-脱氧葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶一起构成了一个新的磷酸酶家族，而HPr激酶本身则代表一个新的蛋白激酶家族。它不包含真核蛋白激酶典型的结构域结构。尽管到目前为止，HPr修饰/去修饰酶被认为仅存在于革兰氏阳性细菌中，但序列比较显示它们也存在于几种革兰氏阴性病原菌中。
