Mills J H, Dubno J R, Boettcher F A
Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
Scand Audiol Suppl. 1998;48:117-22.
A medical-legal and scientific topic of longstanding interest is the interaction between presbyacusis and noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS). Current medical-legal practices as well as international standard, ISO 1999 International Organization for Standards: Acoustics: Determination of Occupational Noise Exposure and Estimation of Noise-Induced Hearing Impairment. ISO 1999. Geneva, International for Standards, 1990 assume that NIPTS and hearing loss caused by the aging process add in dB. Results of laboratory studies with animals are inconsistent in their support of the "additivity assumption". When intense, short-duration exposures are used, the predictions of the combined effects of noise and age are too large. The additivity model appears to be supported with long-duration exposures, but we question the accuracy of such predictions. The animal studies reviewed here suggest that the allocation of hearing loss in an older individual into a noise component and an aging component is much more complex than "additivity in dB".
一个长期备受关注的法医学和科学话题是老年性聋与噪声性永久性阈移（NIPTS）之间的相互作用。当前的法医学实践以及国际标准ISO 1999（国际标准化组织：声学——职业噪声暴露的测定和噪声性听力损失的估计。ISO 1999。日内瓦，国际标准化组织，1990年）假定NIPTS与衰老过程导致的听力损失在分贝上是叠加的。动物实验室研究结果在支持“叠加假设”方面并不一致。当使用强烈的短时间暴露时，噪声和年龄联合效应的预测值过大。叠加模型在长时间暴露时似乎得到支持，但我们对这类预测的准确性表示质疑。此处综述的动物研究表明，将老年个体的听力损失划分为噪声成分和衰老成分比“分贝叠加”要复杂得多。
